Mark Vernon
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Dante

The Divine Comedy changes lives. The masterpiece of the Italian poet is inspired, becoming a friend-for-life as its transformative message is revealed. And yet, the poem is difficult, too, asking readers to change as they engage with it. Mark Vernon’s guide unfolds this most profound of spiritual journeys.

Dante

Dante’s Divine Comedy: A Guide For The Spiritual Journey is published by Angelico Press.

“A marvellous book”, Susanna Clarke

“A delightful companion”, Iain McGilchrist

Preview the Introduction.

Dante explicitly said that the great Divine Comedy was not designed to celebrate a medieval vision of reality, but rather was to inform a modern one for the future. I invite you to experience the odyssey, by accompanying me as I discuss each canto.

He begins his journey by waking up in a dark wood. The air tastes bitter. He becomes fearful. Truth is out of reach. But his crisis is a turning point.

Many today, too, are waking up to something that’s gone wrong. We’re in a spiritual crisis. We must see the world afresh and understand. I believe Dante can help us discover how.

In addition to my new book, follow every step of the way on YouTube or via the films below, or MP3 via the podcast, Dante’s Divine Comedy. There you will also find other talks and discussions.

I recommend the translation by Mark Musa in the Penguin Classics edition, both for its accessibility and notes. Most of the images that accompany my discussion are by Priamo della Quercia, Giovanni di Paolo, Sandro Botticelli, Gustav Doré and William Blake.

Canto by canto

Inferno

Inferno 1

Dante frightened by his plight, terrorised by strange beasts, discovers a guide.

Inferno 2

Dante wavers and Virgil reveals why he is here.

Inferno 3

Dante and Virgil enter the gates of hell to find lost souls and a river.

Inferno 4

Virgil leads Dante into the first circle of hell.

Inferno 5

Virgil and Dante enter the second circle of hell and meet those whose love in life has trapped them.

Inferno 6

In the third circle, they encounter Cerberus and the disfigured Caccio.

Inferno 7

Virgil and Dante are in the fourth and fifth circles meeting those trapped by money and by anger.

Inferno 8

Still in the fifth circle, they face the river Styx and the terror of Dis.

Inferno 9

Terrified by the demons that block their path, Dante and Virgil wait.

Inferno 10

Now inside Dis, they meet those who have followed their own way.

Inferno 11

A foul stench prompts illumination of lower hell’s subtler evils.

Inferno 12

Descending a steep slope, they see the minotaur, centaurs and a river of boiling blood.

Inferno 13

They enter an ugly wood filled with wailing and those who killed themselves.

Inferno 14

By burning sands and falling fire, they speak with a soul cursing Jupiter and see a vision.

Inferno 15

Walking alongside the red stream, avoiding the burning sands, a gaggle of souls approach them.

Inferno 16

Hearing ominous waters tumbling, they meet three more trapped souls and then stranger things happen.

Inferno 17

Approaching the cliffs of deeper hell, they confront the monster Geryon and souls disfigured by usury.

Inferno 18

They are in the eighth circle, the place called Malebolge, as the descent deepens further.

Inferno 19

Dante perceives the bleak bankruptcy of exchanging spiritual gifts for temporal goods.

Inferno 20

Dante is perturbed when they encounter the diviners, an art he practices too.

Inferno 21

They meet the demons of Malebranche. Virgil reckons he can outplay them. Dante does not.

Inferno 22

They find themselves escorted by ten demons. Something has gone very wrong.

Inferno 23

Affection balances fear. Thought counters foolhardiness. They escape to fresh despair in the sixth bolgia.

Inferno 24

Virgil helps Dante climb from the sixth bolgia. They come to the seventh, a melee of serpents chasing souls.

Inferno 25

They see even more terrible metamorphoses in the seventh bolgia and realise the serpents are human souls too.

Inferno 26

The eight bolgia appears almost majestic until Dante understands how its souls are trapped in flames.

Inferno 27

Still overlooking the eighth bolgia of Maleboge, a new writhing flame approaches. The soul says he trusted a pope.

Inferno 28

The ninth bolgia entombs figures Dante sees as schismatic in life, now rent asunder themselves.

Inferno 29

Dante and Virgil argue. The next bolgia is infected with the pestilence of denuded nature and humanity.

Inferno 30

Minds and bodies themselves begin to disintegrate in souls driven rabid and feverish by playing god in life.

Inferno 31

Virgil and Dante wander into a grey zone, hear an ominous horn, and encounter the terrible giants.

Inferno 32

Requesting heavenly help, Dante steps into Cocytus, revealed as a reality of imprisoning, deadening ice.

Inferno 33

Dante and Virgil encounter Count Ugolino deeper in Cocytus, as well as the souls of the living dead.

Inferno 34

The last canto of the Inferno sees Dante and Virgil face to face with Lucifer, before a surprising turnaround.

Purgatorio

Purgatorio 1

Virgil and Dante are in a world of freshness and hope, sunlight and stars, but also strangeness and novelty.

Purgatorio 2

As the sun rises, an angel speeds towards them, bringing a friend and a tense sense of tremendous things.

Purgatorio 3

Virgil is troubled. They encounter slowly moving souls, and search for an entry onto the mountain.

Purgatorio 4

Virgil and Dante find the narrow path that leads up, and begin the climb. A break brings another group of souls.

Purgatorio 5

At first distracted by the indolent, they encounter a new group of agitated souls, though keep their focus.

Purgatorio 6

Hassled by agitated souls, Dante asks if prayers effect divine laws. Virgil opens up a new state of mind.

Purgatorio 7

Virgil and Sordello embrace again, before Sordello explains they must find a safe place for the night.

Purgatorio 8

In the lovely valley, angels and a serpent dramatically appear, though oddly no-one’s concerned.

Purgatorio 9

Dante falls asleep and dreams. It’s erotic, transformative, and leads to the gate of Purgatory.

Purgatorio 10

In Purgatory proper, a zig-zagging path leads to a terrace of beautiful images and burdened souls.

Purgatorio 11

With the souls carrying heavy burdens, Dante speaks with them. He learns about the gordian knot of pride.

Purgatorio 12

Alleviated of the constrained vision that pride brings, an angel sweeps down and shows the way up.

Purgatorio 13

The second terrace looks barren, but the generous sun guides and they meet envious souls with eyes wired shut.

Purgatorio 14

Still with the reforming souls of the envious, the fall of an avaricious civilisation comes into view.

Purgatorio 15

Encountering another angel of light, Virgil explains a way of limitless growth in life. Dante is rapt.

Purgatorio 16

Blind rage becomes righteous anger and a discussion brings revisionary truths about free will and love.

Purgatorio 17

The midpoint of the Comedy. It’s filled with thoughts on love and, at the exact midpoint, the word itself.

Purgatorio 18

The nature of love and its operation is developed, before a crowd of rushing souls run up behind them.

Purgatorio 19

Dante has a second dream. It disturbs him as they make their way to the fourth terrace where souls mourn.

Purgatorio 20

Dante speaks with another mourning soul and is led to lament the history that shaped his own life.

Purgatorio 21

A transitional canto, Virgil and Dante meet the soul of Statius. The two pilgrims have become three.

Purgatorio 22

Virgil and Statius talk on fresh revelations about the nature of reality, overturning Christian assumptions.

Purgatorio 23

Dante meets a friend from life, and it becomes clearer how their communing did and didn’t truly sustain him.

Purgatorio 24

Dante and Forese continue to talk on the nature of desire and perception. They encounter another tree and angel.

Purgatorio 25

Dante is bursting with questions. Virgil and Statius to describe the creation of our physical and subtle bodies.

Purgatorio 26

Dante is before the flames that would render him capable of divine love. He pauses. He desires and fears.

Purgatorio 27

Dante is before the flames. He hesitates. But he gathers his will, with the help of Virgil and the angels.

Purgatorio 28

They are an enchanting, mysterious forest. A solitary lady approaches at Dante’s request. They converse.

Purgatorio 29

He follows the enchanting lady when, with a flash of light, the most extraordinary vision begins.

Purgatorio 30

Cries and angels shock, and bring a chastising Beatrice, Virgil’s disappearance, and Dante’s bitter tears.

Purgatorio 31

Beatrice continues to berate Dante, until he collapses. Then, he’s carried through the Lethe and changes.

Purgatorio 32

Dante is saved from momentary madness, before Beatrice leads him to a display of spiritual corruption.

Purgatorio 33

Beatrice prophecies about the future for Dante and Christianity, and Dante is ready for the stars.

Paradiso

Paradiso 1

Dante’s intellect and desire, drawn by Beatrice, blessed by gods, enables him to rise into divine reality.

Paradiso 2

Dante warns that the journey into paradise is risky. Then, they arrive in the sphere of the Moon.

Paradiso 3

Dante is immersed in the state of mind that confuses reflection and reality as a soul appears, Piccarda.

Paradiso 4

Dante is dazzled by the seeming paradoxes of paradise. Beatrice shows how they are transcended.

Paradiso 5

Beatrice shows Dante something of the freedom to align our lives with divine life, prompting a dramatic change.

Paradiso 6

Dante presents a big history and, in this mercurial sphere, we are invited to peer beneath events.

Paradiso 7

Dante is dissatisfied with the account of the crucifixion. Beatrice leads him to a beautiful new vision.

Paradiso 8

Dante, in the reality of Venus, encounters a kingly soul and kindred spirit to explore love, diversity and unity.

Paradiso 9

Dante meets souls who in life were erotic lovers, to discover more about what carries us heavenward.

Paradiso 10

They arrive in the heaven of the sun, the light most manifest to mortals, heralding divine light within.

Paradiso 11

Thomas Aquinas offers the life of Francis of Assisi to illuminate seeing the light of the Sun in this life.

Paradiso 12

Dante contemplates a double circle of light in the sun, as Dominic adds wisdom to the ascent of love.

Paradiso 13

Imagining the movement of the stars is preparation for the divine perception Dante sees in the sun.

Paradiso 14

Contemplating the divinisation of humanity and creation, Dante finds himself in the sphere of Mars.

Paradiso 15

In Mars, Dante meets his forebear Cacciaguida, who offers a vision of times more aligned with the divine.

Paradiso 16

The tragedy of Florence is rehearsed though, in heaven, a deeper love and life transcends even the worst.

Paradiso 17

Dante learns that he will face exile and, in the heaven of Mars, absorbs the virtues to say yes to it.

Paradiso 18

A deeper symmetry in life appears to Dante as, guided by Beatrice, he moves to the heaven of Jupiter.

Paradiso 19

The heaven of Jupiter shows the divine plenitude. Accepting human finitude readies Dante for more.

Paradiso 20

Souls Dante never expected to see are encountered in Jupiter and Dante learns of a new heavenly dynamic.

Paradiso 21

Dante is in Saturn, though its glory must be shown gradually, lest he be blasted by the light.

Paradiso 22

Beatrice helps Dante tolerate the tremendous vision in Saturn, as Benedict descends the ladder.

Paradiso 23

In a series of shattering visions, Beatrice helps Dante steady himself and become capable of the light.

Paradiso 24

Dante must delight Saint Peter with insights on faith. He finds words to express his awareness and love.

Paradiso 25

The light of hope, James, joins Dante and Beatrice. They shine with this virtue, before the heavens fall silent.

Paradiso 26

A blinded Dante realigns his desire to the heavens, and is confronted by the unexpected light of Adam.

Paradiso 27

Dante is full of heaven’s abundance, when the lights around him turn red and Peter condemns the church.

Paradiso 28

Dante gains inner sight of the still centre of all things, the spark of being and ever present origin.

Paradiso 29

The unity of the eternal and temporal, as interpenetrating expressions of the divine, is unpacked by Beatrice.

Paradiso 30

Dante enters the Empyrean conveying, in visions, the direct experience of divine, living light.

Paradiso 31

Dante sees paradise as a white rose of beauty and heavenly amphitheatre of life, shining like the sun.

Paradiso 32

Bernard takes Dante on a tour of paradise, which is also a gathering together of all he has experienced.

Paradiso 33

Dante reaches the end that is the origin and moment of complete reception of divine life and light.