Friends and lovers

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Monday, June 9 2008

Beware the Facebookian philosophy of friendship

Should friendships have recognition in law? Maybe you should be able to take time off work to look after a friend who is sick, or link your rights and benefits with soulmates as you can to a spouse, or even offset 'friendship expenses' against tax? After all, the evidence is that friendship is as socially important and as psychologically beneficial as any other close relationship.

The Boston Globe reports that there is a nascent movement to win friendship such recognition. Reporting the views of a number of law professors, it links the championing of friendship with a challenge to the status of marriage - not because there is anything wrong with marriage per se, but because 'they believe society would be better off supporting a broad spectrum of relationships, rather than exalting one kind above the rest.'

The democratic argument for recognising friendships in law is the evidence, if there is evidence, that people seem increasingly to be seeking multiple friends, as opposed to a single spouse or partner. Think Sex and the City.

Conversely, there is that excellent new institution, the civil partnership. Personally, I think of civil partnerships as a specifically committed friendship that is marriage-like rather than identical to marriage (though I think the legal entitlements should be equal).

But there is good reason to be cautious about tying friendship up in legal knots. As Katherine Franke, of Columbia, puts it in the article, we should resist the temptation to stamp everything that is valuable in life with the imprimatur of the state. The law is often a clumsy instrument, not least when it comes to personal relationships. For as the good book says, the letter kills, the spirit gives life.

And there is something else. My sense is that it would be a mistake to advocate legally recognising friendships as if that were good for 'relationship choice' - a Facebookian approach to amity, you might say. Commitment is the watchword for me, since paradoxical though it can sound, commitment brings freedom. In such an apparently restricted context you can deepen your connection with the person you love - or indeed to the thing you love, if you commit your life to some interest or excellence. (This is why CPs are such a good thing, not because they are about choice, but because they are about commitment.)

To be blunt, commitment militates against pure choice. You can only make so many of them, since life is finite, in capacities and duration. Further, once made, commitments necessarily exclude other choices and reduce how flexible you can be.

So whilst there must always be an exit clause as an option of last resort when it comes to human relationships, to my mind there is something false about using friendship to promote the notion that human happiness might gain from more relationships that are committed today and gone tomorrow.

Sunday, January 28 2007

The love of men

In a gentle essay on sexual desire, Hanif Kureishi reflects on the inspiration behind his new film Venus. The central story is of an old man - Maurice, played by Peter O’Toole - and his infatuation for a young woman, and their mutual use of and growing affection for each other. Alongside runs another subject, that of friendship, depicted particularly in Maurice’s friendship with another elderly gentleman, Ian, a fellow actor, played by Leslie Phillips.

The sexual tension of the main plot is juxtaposed by this portrait of male friendship. Though interestingly, together the two men do many of the things that old lovers or a married couple might. They dance together (as in the still above), complain together, row, laugh, tease, enjoy familiar badinage. They also keep secrets from one another, not out of malice but to avoid complications. It is as if their age allows them to transcend what is often reported as the complicating factor for male friendship, the nascent homoeroticism of its affectionate bond. Maurice is powerfully heterosexual, even in his advanced, impotent years. There is, perhaps, a suggestion that his friend is a little more purple in his orientation, if not exactly pink: upon seeing a picture of Maurice as a young man, he agrees that he was ‘gorgeous’.

Kureishi says he became interested in the friendship of men following a regular get together he has with old friends on Fridays in Notting Hill. It is the easy companionship that he loves; the way they can talk about serious concerns, like sleep - or as one of them confesses, the mornings do nothing less than ease the burden of his otherwise rather complicated life. I doubt whether they dance together as Kureishi perhaps hopes they could or might, if the scenes in which his film’s characters dance is anything to go by. Perhaps Kureishi expresses a longing that male friendship could be more at ease with its physical expression in this.

Another friendship in the film is between Maurice and his wife. Years ago he selfishly left her with their three children. Now, though, past sins are forgiven. They implicitly recognise that the intimacies and pain of their lives has made them richer, and so old anger can take second place to warm remembrance and concern. Similarly, the suggestion is that their friendship has flourished because it has transcended the complications of sexual passion.

If you run the story of the friendships and that of the infatuation together, Kureishi’s story bears some comparison to Plato’s story of love in the Phaedrus. The dialogue does not feature old men or women, of course. It charts the course of an affair between an Athenian youth and his young infatuation. The older initiates the love and is driven to the younger, who replies with what Plato calls ‘back-love’ - a kind of narcissistic recognition of the affection of the other. This, then, morphs into a mutual passion, that both realise is more intense and consuming than other relationships they have.

Then, after a while, they become friends, as their obsession for each other turns outwards and awakens an interest in the world around them - the love that Plato called philosophy. This friendship is deeper because of the sexual love they shared before. And, indeed, they may still indulge in its physical expression from time to time. Though, as ever in Plato, it is best not to get stuck on love for the body, but to allow that to act as a springboard for the higher love of understanding.

In this part, at least, Kureishi’s story is not Platonic. Maurice declares he does not know himself. He only knows he likes to go with the body - in his decrepitude, not his body but the body of the girl. Which is perhaps why there is something about Maurice that is charming but untrustworthy. At his wake, commenting on the number of mourners, his wife remarks cooly that everyone wants to be your friend when you die. It feels more like a comment on Maurice than the wider circle of people who knew him.

Sunday, November 19 2006

Widen the circle of two

Stephanie Coontz, author of Marriage: A History, argues that the increasing reliance of couples on each other - partly as a result of time pressures, partly as a result of social trends, partly as a result of myths of romance - has squeezed out wider circles of friends who can be close confidents. (She has an article in today's Observer, though it does not appear to be online.) The result is loneliness in marriage and the undermining of the institution.

There is a lot of evidence to support her case (I particularly enjoyed the picture she paints of Victorian women throwing their husbands out of bed when their female friends came to call!). And the basic point is right: it is mad to rely on one person for all the many facets of your emotional and mental congress; and that other person solely on you. A sexually-expressed relationship is intimate and committed in one way; a Platonic soulmate is in another - and the difference is not a zero-sum game, as if you can only have one or the other.

Coontz advocates deepening friendship. Very good. And to do so, I think it is important to ask just what friendship is - so that it can be genuinely built up, and not simply romanticized as the relationship to solve all our contemporary problems, as marriage arguably was in the 50s.

For example, if erotic love is the love that wants to have and be had - to possess, and family love is the love that wants to care and be cared for, then friendship is the love that focuses more on knowing and being known by someone else. Lovers caress; families hold; friends talk. So make time to talk with friends! 'The desire for friendship comes quickly. Friendship does not,' wrote Aristotle.

For very much more, The Philosophy of Friendship, now out in paperback, and available at £7.99 here!

Thursday, September 22 2005

Trading on friendship

Mark Simpson laments the passing of a certain kind of friendship - trade - the pre-1967 relationships between working class youths with the queen's shilling in their pocket and time to kill on the streets of London and their mature, musical mollyhouse-loving admirers. He doesn't doubt that they were friendships: 'the newly married Jim writing rather sweetly to his gentleman friend, John Lehmann: "I wish I was still seeing you Jack as you were the best friend I ever had... you were always such a good friend to me we had good times together Jack and I hope I shall see you some time."'

Wednesday, August 24 2005

Price of weddings, value of love

A piece in Money Guardian discusses the cost of the average wedding - currently around £17,000 with guests paying an extra £300 each for the privilege too. This does seem overblown. And the article blames it on the video camera: the wedding becomes, in effect, a spectacle which like a Hollywood movie consumes millions in getting it right. There is no doubt something in this. Though I tend to think that the bottom line is something to do with money itself. In a world in which it sucks all value to itself - so that it is hard to resist the feeling that something is valuable only if it costs much - even human relationships fall under the measure. The wedding is the great opportunity to show this: no doubt unconsciously, people spend a fortune as an expression of the good fortune they believe, or hope, they have in love. How sad.

Tuesday, August 23 2005

Price of marriage, value of love

A piece in Money Guardian today discusses the cost of the average marriage - currently around £17,000 with guests paying an extra £300 each for the privilege too. This does seem overblown. And the article blames it on the video camera: the wedding becomes, in effect, a spectacle which like a Hollywood movie consumes millions in getting it right. There is no doubt something in this. Though I tend to think that the bottom line is something to do with money itself. In a world in which it sucks all value to itself - so that it is hard to resist the feeling that something is valuable only if it costs much - even human relationships fall under the measure. The wedding is the great opportunity to show this: no doubt unconsciously, people spend a fortune as an expression of the good fortune they believe, or hope, they have in love. How sad.

Wednesday, August 10 2005

Three loves

The plot of 'The President of an Empty Room', currently running at the National Theatre, revolves around the secret departure of the hauntingly beautiful Alesandra. She attempts the dangerous boat trip from Cuba to America - through a storm that might have sunk the boat. Struggling with the news, the different reactions of her lover, father and friend well characterise differences between the three loves. Her lover rages against her betrayal of him: he wants the boat to sink. Her father rages against the lover's rage: his love would never wish to sink the boat. Her friend, on the other hand, understands, lets go and weeps.

Wednesday, July 6 2005

Your girlfriend wants your boyfriend

I was reading the Times agony column. Someone wrote in with a holiday problem. In short, she and her boyfriend are going on holiday with another girl-friend, and the girlfriend has failed to book her (single) hotel room. The hotel is now full: 'should we say she can share our's, as she has asked'? The agony aunt replied that friendship is all about putting up with the follies of friends, and that they should either share the room or be very hands on in finding her another. But don't you think that this 'forgetting' sounds darker than that? The girlfriend trying to sleep in the same room as her best friend's boyfriend (you don't have to be a pop lyricist to realise the power in that scenario). At the very least, the girlfriend is already feeling like a gooseberry. Doesn't bode well for the holiday...

Saturday, July 2 2005

Conscious love

When lovers become friends could part of what goes on be that unconscious dimensions in their love become conscious? (A question that occured to me upon hearing Ruby Wax talk about the monstrous, unconscious relationship of her parents: their lives were bound together, so in that sense they loved one another; but the marriage was a psychodrama and, particularly as Ruby experienced it, wholly without qualities of friendship.)

Tuesday, June 28 2005

Romantic friendship

If you ever doubted that friendship, though platonic, can be nonetheless erotic you should hear Toby Young and Julie Birchill talking about their friendship during the time of the Modern Review (in a documentary 'When Toby met Julie' on TV last night). Toby called it a romantic friendship. It was certainly passionate: they mingled blood, nurtured loves, cultivated hates, edited and wrote; but never had sex, nor apparently ever wanted to. But when Toby started an affair with Suzanna, Julie could not cope: she who describes herself as an empty shell, felt something; it clawed at her all day (she thought it might be guilt but clearly it was jealously). The clock started ticking on the great child of their amitous love. And the Modern Review closed within weeks - Julie stealing Suzanna from Toby to boot!

Tuesday, June 14 2005

Rules of Dating

Some say: 'When asking someone out, make it absolutely clear you are after a date. Otherwise you could end up becoming just friends by accident. And that's no use to anyone.' Therein, say I, we have a key to the problem with modern relationships - friendship has such a bad name! Did you know that for the ancient Greeks there really could be no such thing as 'just good friends'.